The volume includes the papers presented at the Congress under the same title, which took place in December 2021. The texts focus on the study of the terms “revolution”, “nation-state” and “antiquity”, attempting to shed light on the intellectual background of the Greek Revolution in terms of the philosophy of modernity and the history of European ideas, as the main currents and trends of European thought in the late 18th and early 19th centuries form a matrix of ideas that constitutes the predominantly systematic framework for understanding the Greek Revolution.